Prognosis of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy with cognitive disorder after haploidentical allogenic hemato-poietic stem cell transplantation / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of childhood adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) with cognitive disorder after haploidentical allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT), and to identify risk factors affecting the prognosis.Methods:It was a single-center retrospective study involving 31 ALD children receiving haplo-HSCT in Peking University People′s Hospital from January 2014 to October 2022.Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the prognosis of childhood ALD following haplo-HSCT. Results:Among the 31 children with ALD, 1 case died of cardiogenic shock during the transplantation, and the remaining had a successful haplo-HSCT.Ten children with ALD had cognitive disorder before haplo-HSCT, including 3 cases with the minimal LOES score ≥10 points and 8 cases with the Neurologic Function Score (NFS)>0 point before haplo-HSCT.Six children had major functional disability (MFD) and 2 cases died due to progression of ALD after haplo-HSCT.Twenty children did not have cognitive disorder before haplo-HSCT, of whom 3 cases had the LOES score≥10 points and 6 cases had NFS>0 before haplo-HSCT.Four children had MFD and 2 cases died due to progression of ALD after haplo-HSCT.For ALD patients without cognitive disorder after haplo-HSCT, the 3-year and 5-year survival rate were 100.0% and 72.9%, respectively, and the 5-year MFD-free survival was 61.6%.For ALD patients with cognitive disorder after haplo-HSCT, the 3-year survival rate was 83.3%.Compared with ALD patients with the LOES score<10 points before haplo-HSCT, those with the LOES score≥10 points had 9.243 times the risk of developing MFD after haplo-HSCT ( P=0.024, 95% CI: 1.332-64.127). Compared with ALD patients without cognitive disorder before haplo-HSCT, ALD patients with cognitive disorder had 9.749 times the risk of developing MFD after haplo-HSCT ( P=0.023, 95% CI: 1.358-66.148). Conclusions:Cognitive disorder and LOES score≥10 points before haplo-HSCT are risk factors for developing MFD in children with ALD following haplo-HSCT.

Clinical analysis of 11 patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma in maxillofacial region / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma. Methods: A total of 11 patients with maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2010 to July 2022 were retrospectively enrolled, including 8 males and 3 females, aged (65.2±9.5) years (ranged from 49 to 87 years), with a disease course of 0.5 to 6.0 months. The clinicopathological data including head and neck CT, MRI and treatment methods were analyzed. Results: Submandibular gland and maxilla were involved in 3 cases, parapharynx in 2 cases, and face, tongue root and soft palate in 1 case respectively. Clinically, the initial symptom is a rapidly growing painless or tender mass, which may be accompanied by restricted mouth opening, dysphagia, and local numbness after invasion of masticatory muscles and nerves. The tumors were all invasive and low-density, with unclear boundaries from the surrounding tissues. Among the patients, 9 received surgical treatment, and 5 received adjuvant treatment after surgery (2 received chemotherapy, 3 received radiotherapy+chemotherapy). According to the 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors in 2022, there were 1 case (1/11) with poorly differentiated large cells and 10 cases (10/11) with poorly differentiated small cells. Histologically, the macrocell type is composed of large cells with rough chromatin, obvious vacuolar nucleolus, protruding nucleolus, and necrosis. The small cell type is dominated by small blue round cells with neuroendocrine characteristics, with active growth and multifocal necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and synaptophysin (Syn) were diffusively expressed, 10 cases expressed CD56, 8 cases expressed p63, 6 cases expressed weakly punctated chromograin-A (CgA), and S-100 was not expressed. The Ki-67 index ranges from 20 to 90 percent. By the end of follow-up (0.5 to 127.0 months), 3 patients were alive, and the mean progression-free survival (21.0 months) of postoperative chemoradiotherapy patients was significantly longer than that of surgery and/or chemotherapy alone (3.3 months). Conclusions: Maxillofacial neuroendocrine carcinoma is characterized by low differentiation of small cells, high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Radical surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy has better local control effect.

Berberine ameliorates chronic kidney disease through inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins in the gut microbiota

At present, clinical interventions for chronic kidney disease are very limited, and most patients rely on dialysis to sustain their lives for a long time. However, studies on the gut-kidney axis have shown that the gut microbiota is a potentially effective target for correcting or controlling chronic kidney disease. This study showed that berberine, a natural drug with low oral availability, significantly ameliorated chronic kidney disease by altering the composition of the gut microbiota and inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins, including p-cresol. Furthermore, berberine reduced the content of p-cresol sulfate in plasma mainly by lowering the abundance of g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and inhibiting the tyrosine-p-cresol pathway of the intestinal flora. Meanwhile, berberine increased the butyric acid producing bacteria and the butyric acid content in feces, while decreased the renal toxic trimethylamine N-oxide. These findings suggest that berberine may be a therapeutic drug with significant potential to ameliorate chronic kidney disease through the gut-kidney axis.

Structure identification and content analysis of active components in Xiaoyao pills / 药学学报

Xiaoyao pills are a famous traditional Chinese medicine collected in Welfare Pharmacy, which is a classic prescription for treating liver depression and spleen deficiency. However, its composition is complex. In order to better control the quality of Xiaoyao pills, in this study, HPLC-ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF/MS) was used to identify the main ingredients of Xiaoyao pills, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, saikosaponin A and saikosaponin B2. Then a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous determination and quantification of the main compounds. Fragmentation pathways of five active components were obtained. The method was validated. Five active ingredients in Xiaoyao pills had a good linear relationship, and the values of RSD (%) of repeatability were all less than 5%, the recovery ranges were between 90% and 115%, and the values of RSD (%) of each substance were less than 10% after the sample solution is placed for 24 hours. Three batches of Xiaoyao pills (concentrated pellets) and two batches of Xiaoyao pills (water pellets) were determined, the contents of paeoniflorin in concentrated pills were more than 4.0 mg·g-1, and those in water pills were more than 2.5 mg·g-1, which was accordance with Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, other compounds behave differently. This method has high sensitivity and reliable measurement results, which provides basis for quality control of Xiaoyao pills and material basis for pharmacology research.

Cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis treated with warming needle with different lengths of moxa stick: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy on cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis treated with warming needle with different lengths of moxa stick.@*METHODS@#Six hundred patients with cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis were randomly divided into 4 groups: a 4 cm length group (150 cases, 5 cases dropped off, 2 cases suspended), a 3 cm length group (150 cases, 6 cases dropped off, 2 cases suspended), a 2 cm length group (150 cases, 6 cases dropped off), and a routine acupuncture group (150 cases, 6 cases dropped off). Warming needle with moxa stick in the length of 4 cm, 3 cm and 2 cm was delivered in the 4 cm length group, the 3 cm length group and the 2 cm length group, respectively. In the routine acupuncture group, simple acupuncture was applied. The acupoints selected in the above groups included Dazhui (GV 14) and bilateral Jiaji (EX-B 2) of C5 and C7, Fengchi (GB 20), Jianzhen (SI 9), Quchi (LI 11), Zhongzhu (TE 3), etc. In each group, the intervention was delivered once daily and 5 times a week. One course of intervention was composed of 2 weeks and 2 courses were required. The TCM syndrome score, the score of clinical assessment scale for cervical spondylosis (CASCS), the score of the brachial plexus traction test of the affected upper limb, F wave occurrence rate and conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve, the median nerve and the radial nerve of the affected upper limb were compared before and after treatment in the patients of each group. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, i.e. interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were measured before and after treatment in the patients of each group. The clinical cfficacy was evaluated in the 4 groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the results of TCM syndrome evaluation, i.e. the scores of neck pain, activity limitation and upper limb numbness and pain, as well as the total scores; and the scores of brachial plexus traction test were reduced when compared with those before treatment in each group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The scores of subjective symptoms and adaptability, and the total scores of CASCS were elevated in comparison with those before treatment in each group (P<0.01, P<0.05). In the 4 cm length group, compared with the other 3 groups, the scores of neck pain and activity limitation for TCM syndrome evaluation, and its total score were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01); and the scores of subjective symptoms and adaptability, and the total score of CASCS were higher (P<0.05, P<0.01). The score of the brachial plexus traction test in the 4 cm length group was lower than that of the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, F wave occurrence rates and conduction velocity of median nerve and radial nerve were increased when compared with those before treatment in each group (P<0.05, P<0.01). F wave occurrence rate and conduction velocity of the radial nerve in the 4 cm length group were higher than those of the other 3 groups (P<0.05), and those of the median nerve were higher when compared with the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were all reduced when compared with those before treatment in each group (P<0.01, P<0.05); the level of serum IL-6 in the 4 cm length group was lower than those of the other 3 groups and serum level of TNF-α was lower compared with that in the routine acupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the 4 cm length group was 78.3% (112/143), which was higher when compared with the 3 cm length group (67.6%, 96/142), the 2 cm length group (65.3%, 94/144) and the routine acupuncture group (53.5%, 77/144), respectively (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Warming needle with moxa stick of 4 cm in length effectively relieves the clinical symptoms of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type with qi stagnation and blood stasis, improves the nerve function of the upper limbs, and reduces the inflammatory responses caused by nerve compression. The clinical efficacy of this therapy with moxa stick of 4 cm in length is superior to the warming needle with moxa sticks of 3 cm and 2 cm, as well as the routine acupuncture.

Influence of autologous adipose stem cell matrix gel on wound healing and scar hyperplasia of full-thickness skin defects in rabbit ears / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the influence of autologous adipose stem cell matrix gel on wound healing and scar hyperplasia of full-thickness skin defects in rabbit ears, and to analyze the related mechanism. Methods: Experimental research methods were adopted. The complete fat pads on the back of 42 male New Zealand white rabbits aged 2 to 3 months were cut to prepare adipose stem cell matrix gel, and a full-thickness skin defect wound was established on the ventral side of each ear of each rabbit. The left ear wounds were included in adipose stem cell matrix gel group (hereinafter referred to as matrix gel group), and the right ear wounds were included in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group, which were injected with autologous adipose stem cell matrix gel and PBS, respectively. The wound healing rate was calculated on post injury day (PID) 7, 14, and 21, and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS) scoring of scar tissue formed on the wound (hereinafter referred to as scar tissue) was performed in post wound healing month (PWHM) 1, 2, 3, and 4. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe and measure the histopathological changes of wound on PID 7, 14, and 21 and the dermal thickness of scar tissue in PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4. Masson staining was performed to observe the collagen distribution in wound tissue on PID 7, 14, and 21 and scar tissue in PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. The microvessel count (MVC) in wound tissue on PID 7, 14, and 21 and the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in scar tissue in PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4 were detected by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the expression of α-SMA and that of TGF-β1 in scar tissue in matrix gel group was analyzed. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in wound tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on PID 7, 14, and 21. The number of samples at each time point in each group was 6. Data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, analysis of variance for factorial design, paired sample t test, least significant difference test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: On PID 7, the wound healing rate in matrix gel group was (10.3±1.7)%, which was close to (8.5±2.1)% in PBS group (P>0.05). On PID 14 and 21, the wound healing rates in matrix gel group were (75.5±7.0)% and (98.7±0.8)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (52.7±6.7)% and (90.5±1.7)% in PBS group (with t values of 5.79 and 10.37, respectively, P<0.05). In PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4, the VSS score of scar tissue in matrix gel group was significantly lower than that in PBS group (with t values of -5.00, -2.86, -3.31, and -4.45, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with the previous time point within the group, the VSS score of scar tissue at each time point after wound healing in the two groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), except for PWHM 4 in matrix gel group (P>0.05). On PID 7, the granulation tissue regeneration and epithelialization degree of the wounds between the two groups were similar. On PID 14 and 21, the numbers of fibroblasts, capillaries, and epithelial cell layers in wound tissue of matrix gel group were significantly more than those in PBS group. In PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4, the dermal thickness of scar tissue in matrix gel group was significantly thinner than that in PBS group (with t values of -4.08, -5.52, -6.18, and -6.30, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with the previous time point within the group, the dermal thickness of scar tissue in the two groups thickened significantly at each time point after wound healing (P<0.05). Compared with those in PBS group, the collagen distribution in wound tissue in matrix gel group was more regular and the CVF was significantly increased on PID 14 and 21 (with t values of 3.98 and 3.19, respectively, P<0.05), and the collagen distribution in scar tissue was also more regular in PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4, but the CVF was significantly decreased (with t values of -7.38, -4.20, -4.10, and -4.65, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with the previous time point within the group, the CVFs in wound tissue at each time point after injury and scar tissue at each time point after wound healing in the two groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), except for PWHM 1 in matrix gel group (P>0.05). On PID 14 and 21, the MVC in wound tissue in matrix gel group was significantly higher than that in PBS group (with t values of 4.33 and 10.10, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with the previous time point within the group, the MVC of wound at each time point after injury in the two groups was increased significantly (P<0.05), except for PID 21 in PBS group (P>0.05). In PWHM 1, 2, 3, and 4, the expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in scar tissue in matrix gel group were significantly lower than those in PBS group (with t values of -2.83, -5.46, -5.61, -8.63, -10.11, -5.79, -8.08, and -11.96, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with the previous time point within the group, the expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in scar tissue in the two groups were increased significantly at each time point after wound healing (P<0.05), except for the α-SMA expression in matrix gel group in PWHM 4 (P>0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between the expression of α-SMA and that of TGF-β1 in scar tissue in matrix gel group (r=0.92, P<0.05). On PID 14 and 21, the expressions of VEGF (with t values of 6.14 and 6.75, respectively, P<0.05) and EGF (with t values of 8.17 and 5.85, respectively, P<0.05) in wound tissue in matrix gel group were significantly higher than those in PBS group. Compared with the previous time point within the group, the expression of VEGF of wound at each time point after injury in the two groups was increased significantly (P<0.05), and the expression of EGF was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: Adipose stem cell matrix gel may significantly promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in rabbit ears by promoting collagen deposition and expressions of VEGF and EGF in wound tissue, and may further inhibit the scar hyperplasia after wound healing by inhibiting collagen deposition and expressions of TGF-β1 and α-SMA in scar tissue.

Prevalence of HIV seropositivity and associated factors among the spouses of HIV/AIDS patients in Shanghai， 2018‒2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the HIV infection characteristics and influencing factors among the spouses of HIV/AIDS patients in Shanghai. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect demographic， behavioral， epidemiological and spousal HIV detection information of newly reported and married patients with HIV/AIDS in Shanghai from January 2018 to July 2022 in the comprehensive HIV prevention and control information system of Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the HIV positivity rate of the spouses of HIV patients and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. ResultsA total of 1 233 subjects were investigated， and the first HIV-testing positivity rate of the spouses of HIV/AIDS patients was 29.3% （361/1 233）. There were statistically significant differences in the HIV-testing positivity rate among spouses of HIV/AIDS patients by different age， gender， education level， occupation， transmission route， quantity of non-marital sexual activities， quantity of homo-sexual activities， and baseline CD4 cell count level （P<0.05）. Spouses of the HIV/AIDS patients aged ≥65 years old， female， heterosexual transmission， less non-marital sex， and no history of homosexual sex had relatively high HIV positive rate. The HIV-positive detection rate of spouses in the ≥65 age group was 1.81 times higher than that in the <45 age group. The HIV-positive detection rate of spouses in the female group was 3.66 times higher than that in the male group， and the HIV-positive detection rate of spouses in the homosexual transmission group was 0.25 times higher than that of the heterosexual transmission group. ConclusionRisk awareness of HIV infection among married people with spouses should be improved. The key populations with the characteristics such as females as the first HIV-positive reporter， and heterosexual transmission should be paid special attention.Their spouses should be mobilized to conduct HIV-testing as early as possible

Chemical synthesis of a synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block / 中国天然药物

Most bacterial cell surface glycans are structurally unique, and have been considered as ideal target molecules for the developments of detection and diagnosis techniques, as well as vaccines. Chemical synthesis has been a promising approach to prepare well-defined oligosaccharides, facilitating the structure-activity relationship exploration and biomedical applications of bacterial glycans. L-Galactosaminuronic acid is a rare sugar that has been only found in cell surface glycans of gram-negative bacteria. Here, an orthogonally protected L-galactosaminuronic acid building block was designed and chemically synthesized. A synthetic strategy based on glycal addition and TEMPO/BAIB-mediated C6 oxidation served well for the transformation of commercial L-galactose to the corresponding L-galactosaminuronic acid. Notably, the C6 oxidation of the allyl glycoside was more efficient than that of the selenoglycoside. In addition, a balance between the formation of allyl glycoside and the recovery of selenoglycoside was essential to improve efficiency of the NIS/TfOH-catalyzed allylation. This synthetically useful L-galactosaminuronic acid building block will provide a basis for the syntheses of complex bacterial glycans.

Research advances on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum / 中华烧伤杂志

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis, closely associated with the immune system. Its pathogenesis is currently not clear. The lack of specificity in the clinical manifestations and histopathological changes of PG leads to a long clinical diagnosis cycle and even misdiagnosis, which is easy to delay treatment or promote the deterioration of ulcer wound. The diagnosis of this disease is still very difficult, which poses a great challenge to wound repair practitioners. This article reviews the research advances on the pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of PG in recent years, with the aim of providing reference for relevant clinical practitioners.

Chemical approaches towards installation of rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans / 中国天然药物

Bacterial surface glycans perform a diverse and important set of biological roles, and have been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. The majority of bacterial surface glycans are decorated with diverse rare functional groups, including amido, acetamidino, carboxamido and pyruvate groups. These functional groups are thought to be important constituents for the biological activities of glycans. Chemical synthesis of glycans bearing these functional groups or their variants is essential for the investigation of structure-activity relationships by a medicinal chemistry approach. To date, a broad choice of synthetic methods is available for targeting the different rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. This article reviews the structures of naturally occurring rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans, and the chemical methods used for installation of these groups.

Detection of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of OSCC.@*METHODS@#Ninety-three patients diagnosed as OSCC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and 20 healthy volunteers were employed as the control group. The CTCs value of peripheral blood of the patients were measured by CTCs detection technology, and its clinical significance was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The CTCs values in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Peripheral blood CTCs has important clinical value for early screening, auxiliary diagnosis, evaluation of metastasis, and determination of malignant degree, progression, and pathological grade of OSCC and a relatively reliable tumor detection indicator.

Clinical characteristics of heart failure with recovered ejection fraction / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of heart failure patients with recovered ejection fraction (HFrecEF) and identify variables capable of predicting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery. Methods: This case control study included patients with heart failure, who admitted to Department of Cardiology of Beijing Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the baseline LVEF and changes of LVEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, baseline LVEF≤40%, follow-up LVEF≤40% or follow-up LVEF>40% but LVEF increase<10% from baseline), HFrecEF(baseline LVEF≤40%, follow-up LVEF>40% and increase≥10% from baseline), and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF, baseline LVEF>40%). Clinical data were collected and endpoint events (all-cause death, cardiovascular death and sudden death) were recorded. The Log-rank test was used to evaluate the differences of terminal events in different groups, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Logistic regression equation was used to identify prognostic factors of HFrecEF. Results: A total of 310 patients with heart failure were included. There were 91(29.4%) HFrEF patients, 38(12.3%) HFrecEF patients and 181(58.4%) HFpEF patients. Compared with HFrEF patients and HFpEF patients, HFrecEF patients were featured by younger age, more likely to be female, higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate (all P<0.05). Dilated cardiomyopathies were more common, while old myocardial infarctions were less common in HFrecEF (both P<0.05). During a median follow-up of 36.7(18.0, 63.9) months, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that HFrecEF patients had the lowest all-cause mortality (Log-rank P=0.047, HFrecEF vs. HFpEF P=0.017, HFrecEF vs. HFrEF P=0.016, and HFpEF vs. HFrEF P=0.782).The cardiovascular mortality ranged from low to high was in HFrecEF patients, HFpEF patients, and HFrEF patients (Log-rank P<0.001, HFrecEF vs. HFpEF P=0.029, HFrecEF vs. HFrEF P<0.001, HFrEF vs. HFpEF P=0.005). Sudden death rate was similar among the three groups (Log-rank P=0.520). Logistic regression analysis showed that left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)≤55 mm (OR=5.922, 95%CI 1.685-20.812, P=0.006), higher diastolic blood pressure (OR=1.058, 95%CI 1.017-1.100, P=0.005), faster resting heart rate (OR=1.042, 95%CI 1.006-1.080, P=0.024), absence of old myocardial infarction (OR=5.343, 95%CI 1.731-16.488, P=0.004) were independent prognostic factors of LVEF recovery after clinical treatment. Conclusions: Patients with HFrecEF are associated with a better prognosis as compared to patients with HFrEF and HFpEF. LVEDD≤55 mm, higher diastolic blood pressure, faster heart rate,and absence of old myocardial infarction are independent prognostic factors of LVEF recovery after clinical treatment.

Transcriptomic profile of human erythroleukemia cells in response to Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide and its structure analysis / 中国天然药物

Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) has been used as an ingredient in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are a limited number of studies concerning its therapeutic mechanism. High performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight of the S. fusiforme polysaccharide, SFPS 191212, is 43 kDa. SFPS 191212 is composed of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, glucose, and fucose (at a molar ratio: 2.1 : 2.9 : 1.8 : 15.5 : 4.6 : 62.5) with α- and β-configurations. The present research evaluated the anti-tumor potential of the S. fusiforme polysaccharide in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells in vitro. To explore the SFPS 191212's apoptosis mechanism in HEL cells, transcriptome analysis was performed on HEL cells that were incubated with SFPS 191212. The inhibitory effect of SFPS 191212 on HEL cell growth was also analyzed. It was found that SFPS 191212 inhibited HEL cell proliferation, reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced an insignificant toxic effect on normal human embryonic lung (MRC-5) cells. Compared with the control group, transcriptome analysis identified a total of 598 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 243 up-regulated genes and 355 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on all DEGs, and 900 GO terms and 52 pathways were found to be significantly enriched. Finally, 23 DEGs were randomly selected and confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Moreover, SFPS 191212 down-regulated the PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. Our results provide a framework for understanding the effect of SFPS 191212 on cancer cells and can serve as a resource for delineating the anti-tumor mechanisms of S. fusiforme.

Selective Ferroptosis Inhibitor Liproxstatin-1 Attenuates Neurological Deficits and Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / 神经科学通报·英文版

Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Evidence of its existence and the effects of its inhibitors on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still lacking. In the present study, we found that liproxstatin-1 protected HT22 cells against hemin-induced injury by protecting mitochondrial functions and ameliorating lipid peroxidation. In in vivo experiments, we demonstrated the presence of characteristic shrunken mitochondria in ipsilateral cortical neurons after SAH. Moreover, liproxstatin-1 attenuated the neurological deficits and brain edema, reduced neuronal cell death, and restored the redox equilibrium after SAH. The inhibition of ferroptosis by liproxstatin-1 was associated with the preservation of glutathione peroxidase 4 and the downregulation of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 as well as cyclooxygenase 2. In addition, liproxstatin-1 decreased the activation of microglia and the release of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These data enhance our understanding of cell death after SAH and shed light on future preclinical studies.

Abnormal metabolism of gut microbiota reveals the possible molecular mechanism of nephropathy induced by hyperuricemia

The progression of hyperuricemia disease is often accompanied by damage to renal function. However, there are few studies on hyperuricemia nephropathy, especially its association with intestinal flora. This study combines metabolomics and gut microbiota diversity analysis to explore metabolic changes using a rat model as well as the changes in intestinal flora composition. The results showed that amino acid metabolism was disturbed with serine, glutamate and glutamine being downregulated whilst glycine, hydroxyproline and alanine being upregulated. The combined glycine, serine and glutamate could predict hyperuricemia nephropathy with an area under the curve of 1.00. Imbalanced intestinal flora was also observed. , , , , and other conditional pathogens increased significantly in the model group, while and , the short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, declined greatly. At phylum, family and genus levels, disordered nitrogen circulation in gut microbiota was detected. In the model group, the uric acid decomposition pathway was enhanced with reinforced urea liver-intestine circulation. The results implied that the intestinal flora play a vital role in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia nephropathy. Hence, modulation of gut microbiota or targeting at metabolic enzymes, , urease, could assist the treatment and prevention of this disease.

Advance in Foot Function Enhancement Based on Foot Core System (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Foot core system comprises active subsystem, passive subsystem and neural subsystem, which complement each other and provide different function for foot. Insufficient foot function (weak muscle strength, hypoesthesia of foot) is an important cause of foot injury, and aging, obesity and abnormal foot type are also possible factors of foot injury. At present, special foot strength enhancement methods, minimalist shoes training, and even the means of muscle/brain stimulation, can strengthen the intrinsic muscle strength of foot, improve the stability of the foot, increase the plantar sensory inputs, thereby enhance the core system, raise the foot function performance, and prevent sports injury.

First-trimester chorionic villus sampling: genetic analysis of 985 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value and safety of first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in prenatal diagnosis.@*Methods@#This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 985 cases undergoing CVS and prenatal diagnosis with karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017. The success rate of cell culture, indications for prenatal diagnosis, karyotyping results, and complications of CVS were described.@*Results@#Among the 985 cases, 970 (98.48%) underwent FISH and 893 (90.66%) received karyotyping, and 878 (89.14%) accepted both. After CVS, the success rate of cell culture was 96.64% (863/893). Abnormal ultrasonographic findings (42.64%, 420/985) were the most common indications for prenatal diagnosis. In this study, 181 cases of chromosomal abnormalities were detected, including numerical and structural abnormalities, accounting for 18.38% of all 985 cases. Those cases with abnormal ultrasonographic images had the highest detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities (31.90%, 134/420), followed by those with adverse pregnant history (11.83%, 20/169) and advanced maternal age (8.21%, 11/134). In addition, there was a discrepancy between karyotyping and FISH results, which might due to 16 cases of placental mosaicism and 13 cases of maternal cell contamination (MCC). Embryonic demises were reported in six cases (0.61%, 6/985), including four with chromosomal numerical abnormalities within four weeks after CVS. No other short- or long-term postoperative complications were found in the rest 979 cases (99.39%).@*Conclusions@#CVS in the first trimester is a safe and reliable invasive method for prenatal diagnosis, which can help to obtain an earlier diagnosis in a certain population such as those with abnormal ultrasonographic findings, thus improve the pertinence and efficiency of prenatal diagnosis. However, the potential influences of placental mosaicism and MCC on the diagnostic results should not be ignored.

Anomeric configuration-dependence of the Lattrell-Dax epimerization from D-glucose to synthetically useful D-allose derivatives / 中国天然药物

D-Allose and its derivatives play important roles in the field of health care and food nutrition. Pure and well-defined D-allose derivatives can facilitate the elucidation of their structure-activity relationship as an essential step for drug design. The Lattrell-Dax epimerization, refers to the triflate inversion using nitrite reagent, is known as valuable method for the synthesis of rare D-allose derivatives. Here, the influence of protecting group patterns on the transformation efficiency of D-glucose derivatives into synthetically useful D-alloses and D-allosamines via the Lattrell-Dax epimerization was studied. For C3 epimerization of D-glucose derivatives bearing O2-acyl group, an anomeric configuration-dependent acyl migration from O2 to O3 was found. In addition, a neighbouring group participation effect-mediated S1 nucleophilic substitution of the D-glucosamine bearing C2 trichloroacetamido (TCA) group in the Lattrell-Dax epimerization was dependent upon anomeric configuration. Thus, the effect of anomeric configuration on the Lattrell-Dax epimerization of D-glucose suggests that β-D-glucosides with low steric hindrance at C2 should be better substrates for the synthesis of D-allose derivatives. Significantly, the efficient synthesis of the orthogonally protected D-allose 13 and D-allosamine 18 will serve well for further assembly of complex glycans.

Total synthesis of D-glycero-D-mannno-heptose 1β, 7-bisphosphate with 3-O-amyl amine linker and its monophosphate derivative / 中国天然药物

D-Glycero-D-mannno-heptose 1β, 7-bisphosphate (HBPβ) is an important intermediate for constructing the core structure of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides and was reported as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that regulates immune responses. HBPβ with 3-O-amyl amine linker and its monophosphate derivative D-glycero-D-mannno-heptose 7-phosphate (HP) with 1α-amyl amine linker have been synthesized as candidates for immunity study of HBPβ. The O3-amyl amine linker of heptose was installed by dibutyltin oxide-mediated regioselective alkylation under fine-tuned protecting condition. The stereoselective installation of 1β-phosphate ester was achieved by NIS-mediated phosphorylation at low temperature. The strategy for installation of 3-O-amyl amine linker onto HBP derivative can be expanded to the syntheses of other conjugation-ready carbohydrates bearing anomeric phosphoester.

First-trimester chorionic villus sampling: genetic analysis of 985 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the value and safety of first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in prenatal diagnosis.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 985 cases undergoing CVS and prenatal diagnosis with karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017.The success rate of cell culture,indications for prenatal diagnosis,karyotyping results,and complications of CVS were described.Results Among the 985 cases,970 (98.48％) underwent FISH and 893 (90.66％) received karyotyping,and 878 (89.14％) accepted both.After CVS,the success rate of cell culture was 96.64％ (863/893).Abnormal ultrasonographic findings (42.64％,420/985) were the most common indications for prenatal diagnosis.In this study,181 cases of chromosomal abnormalities were detected,including numerical and structural abnormalities,accounting for 18.38％ of all 985 cases.Those cases with abnormal ultrasonographic images had the highest detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities (31.90％,134/420),followed by those with adverse pregnant history (11.83％,20/169) and advanced maternal age (8.21％,11/134).In addition,there was a discrepancy between karyotyping and FISH results,which might due to 16 cases of placental mosaicism and 13 cases of maternal cell contamination (MCC).Embryonic demises were reported in six cases (0.61％,6/985),including four with chromosomal numerical abnormalities within four weeks after CVS.No other short-or long-term postoperative complications were found in the rest 979 cases (99.39％).Conclusions CVS in the first trimester is a safe and reliable invasive method for prenatal diagnosis,which can help to obtain an earlier diagnosis in a certain population such as those with abnormal ultrasonographic findings,thus improve the pertinence and efficiency of prenatal diagnosis.However,the potential influences of placental mosaicism and MCC on the diagnostic results should not be ignored.